Recent Posts

Check out our new blog about the impact of repetitive reforms at Do Better by Esade Business School; https://dobetter.esade.edu/en/repetitive-reform (English) or https://dobetter.esade.edu/es/reforma-reiterada?_wrapper_format=html (Spanish)

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Inspired by advancements in neuroendocrinology, this funding aims at supporting a pilot study on the usefulness of hair cortisol concentration (HCC) analysis for understanding the effect of intense change sequences on civil servants.

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Selected Publications

In times of increasingly turbulent public sector change and frequent career shifts, the relationship between attitudes towards workplace change, organizational identification and turnover intent are highly relevant, but poorly understood. Using data from the Australian Public Service’s (APS) employee survey, this article examines the psychological mechanisms that lead employees to consider leaving their own organization, and the APS as a whole. The combined effect of skeptically perceived workplace change and strong organizational identification leads to an increase in turnover intentions at the organizational level, which testifies to the potentially destructive effect of workplace changes.
Forthcoming in PMR, 2020

An important rationale for the creation of semi‐autonomous agencies is to create some distance between politics and administration. As such, agencies are expected to shield policy implementation from the daily concerns of political life. However, political actors and politically controlled ministries still influence agencies in various intended and unintended ways. This article focuses on intensive long‐term series of structural reforms and how they may undermine the original design philosophy underpinning agencification. We utilize a dataset combining staff surveys and a structural reform database to perform multilevel analyses of employees nested in organizations. We find that the frequency with which agencies have experienced structural reform affects the weight that employees attach to signals from political and ministerial principals. Frequent structural reform may lead to heightened perceptions of the importance of political signals. Hence, frequent structural reforms may increase the risk of political influence on agencies that were designed to operate impartially.
Forthcoming in PA, 2020

The aim of this study is to theorize and test the implicit assumption in the literature that reform perceptions vary according to employees’ position in the organizational hierarchy. Our theoretical argument centres on the expectation that employees appreciate reforms differently depending on their position in the organization. Our large-scale analyses confirm that employees from upper organizational levels are more appreciative of reforms in general, though follow-up analyses on distinct types of reforms demonstrate variations with theoretical and practical implications.
PMR, 2020

In the last decade reforms in the public sector have been implemented at an ever increasing pace. Hereby organizations are repetitively subject to mergers, splits, absorptions or secessions of units, the adoption of new tasks, changes in legal status, and other structural reforms. Although evidence is largely missing in the literature, there is a growing believe that such intense reform sequences may be damaging to organizations. This article aims to fill this gap in the literature by empirically examining the existence of such repetitive change injury for public organizations. To do so, we employ organizational absenteeism rates as an indicator for repetitive change injury and link this to the reform sequences an organization experienced. Results indicate that intense reform sequences disproportionally increase organizational absenteeism rates, supporting the existence of repetitive change injury and suggesting that reforms remain rooted in organizational memories for a longer time than is often assumed.
Forthcoming in Governance, 2019

Public organizations were once seen as the epitome of stability and implacability. More recently, however, public organizations have been subject to fast-paced environmental change. One common response to the challenges posed by these volatile environments has been the adoption of various organizational changes to make public organizations more adaptable. However, following threat-rigidity theory, this study argues that as employees perceive multiple organizational changes, managerial support for innovative work behavior (IWB) of employees decreases. Analyses on the Australian Public Service (APS) employee census support these assertions. Our results contribute to the literature on organizational change, by demonstrating that multiple organizational changes negatively affect managerial support for innovative work behavior, which may – through their negative impact on individual-level innovations – ultimately affect the very adaptability of organizations that many changes aspire to achieve.
Forthcoming in Review of Public Personnel Administration, 2019

Employees frequently have ideas and opinions on the execution of tasks or on the organization itself. Yet, sometimes employees remain silent and withhold this valuable input from their organizations because they fear experiencing conflict or controversy, causing both performance and employee morale to suffer. This article tests to what extent such fear of speaking up, referred to as ‘defensive silence,’ is affected by the extent of successive structural reforms an organization endures. Analyses of Norwegian Staff Surveys and of a structural reform database show that repetitive structural reforms affect employee engagement in defensive silence.
Forthcoming in PMR, 2019

Projects

Repetitive Reform Injury: Exploring the usefulness of biomarkers to examine unintended side-effects of conintuous governmental restructuring. (UA BOFKP project)

Inspired by advancements in neuroendocrinology, this BOFKP aims at supporting a pilot study on the usefulness of hair cortisol concentration (HCC) analysis for understanding the effect of intense change sequences on civil servants.

Avoiding repetitive reform injury in the public sector. Can leadership behavior reduce the damaging effect of repetitive reforms? (UA BOF project 2021-2025)

In response to today’s hectic and complex society, waves of reforms have been implemented in OECD countries to modernize the public sector. This reform appetite has caused many public organizations to be involved in near-endless cycles of reforms. Recent findings indicate that the ambiguity and uncertainty that intense reforms bring about may drastically increase employee work stress. Structural reforms therefore may paradoxically undermine the very performance and adaptability of public sector organizations they seek to improve, a process that has been labelled repetitive reform injury. The question then becomes: how can government reap the benefits of reforms (flexibility, adaptability,…) without negatively affecting employee work stress? Given the continued interest in, and necessity of, reforming public organizations, it is crucial to deepen our understanding on how to avoid repetitive reform injury. This project addresses this question by theorizing and testing the influence of the full-range of leadership behaviors (transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership) on employee work stress in settings of varying reform intensity. The project contributes not only theoretically, but also answers to recent calls for the application of more innovative and rigorous methods.

Are structural changes paradoxically undermining organizational adaptability? A study to the impact of continuous structural changes on decision-making within organizations. (UA BOF project 2020-2024)

This BOF funded project will qualitatively investigate (a) the short term and (b) the long term impact of extensive structural changes on decision-making processes within organizations. Two measurement point will be applied, not only allowing to assess the long-term impact, but also to improve causal inference.

Comparing and explaining the effects of organizational autonomy in the public sector. (FWO PhD project June 2011- May 2014)

In the last three decades, public tasks have been shifted from central government to a proliferated periphery of autonomous agencies. According to the New Public Management (NPM) doctrine, organizational autonomy would induce these agencies to develop a more private sector-like management, to be more customer-oriented, and to be more accountable for results. Although many governments of most OECD countries continue(d) to change the structure of their public sector fundamentally, following NPM and post-NPM recipes, little was known of the effect of increased autonomy. More precisely, there was a lack of theoretical modelling, appropriate methodologies and empirical evidence about the effects of organizational autonomy. This research addressed this gap by testing the effects of organizational autonomy on (1) the organizational capacity, (2) the managerial and policy processes, and (3) the accountabilities of public sector organizations. These have been identified as necessary preconditions for a better organizational performance.

How history matters for public sector organizations: examining the effect of past changes on organizational autonomy (FWO postdoctoral research project 2015-2018)

In response to economic pressures and increasing demands on public sector performance, subsequent waves of public sector reforms were introduced over the last decades. This research examines effect of an organization’s history of structural changes on a key variable for the functioning of a public sector organization: the way it deals with organizational autonomy.

Reform stress in the public sector: does the constant exposure to anti-bureaucratic reforms paradoxically undermine the entrepreneurial nature of public sector organizations? (VENI research project 2018-2019 (cut short due to a move to the University of Antwerp))

Public organizations are subject to a multitude of reforms. Yet, little is known on the precise effects of such continuous reforms. This VENI research project analyses the effect of such repeated structural reforms on the entrepreneurial nature of public sector organizations.

Slow-healing wounds? How continuous structural reforms in the public sector reduce levels of job satisfaction and slow the recovery of job satisfaction in the long term. (FWO project international co-applicant together with Koen Verhoest (main applicant)

In the last decades, waves of structural reforms have been implemented in OECD countries to create more efficient public services, causing some organizations to have experienced severe and continuous trajectories of for instance mergers, splits and changes in legal form. While governments continuously impose structural reforms to improve public sector performance, we may simultaneously expect such continuous structural reforms to have detrimental side-effects, such as strong reductions in employee job satisfaction. Recognizing that continuous structural reforms have become a pervasive feature of modern public sectors, the research proposed here will innovatively investigate (a) the effect of extensive structural reform histories on post-reform levels of job satisfaction and (b) the impact of such reform histories on the long-term recuperation of job satisfaction levels following sequences of reforms. We utilize a combination of both large-N regression analysis and a small-N natural experiment. Both the large-N and small-N phases will utilize two measurement points, not only allowing us to assess the long-term development of job satisfaction, but also to improve causal inference. As job satisfaction has been linked with factors such as performance, turnover and even sick leave on the basis of single reform studies, but the long-term effects of continuous structural reforms remain unexplored, the project holds important implications for scholars and policy-makers.

Stable or turbulent organizational reform histories in the public sector: causes and effects? (UA BOF project 2015-2019)

Together with prof.dr. Koen Verhoest I co-supervise this PhD project which analyses the effect of repeated structural reforms on the organizational climate of public sector organizations.

Using Twitter as a public communication strategy: Can 140 characters reduce the Performance-Satisfaction Gap in the public sector? (FWO project international co-applicant together with Koen Verhoest (main applicant) and Wouter van Dooren 2019-2013)

Customer satisfaction regarding public services is often only loosely coupled to changes in actual performance. This gap between satisfaction and performance may lead to misguided reforms and may erode trust in public services. Literature shows how the incapacity of customers to assess actual performance can be attributed to the bounded rationality of customers. We know less about how public communication influences this bounded decision making that underlies the performance-satisfaction gap. With the rise of social media, the communication channels for public sector organizations have grown extensively. Twitter has become the dominant medium since it allows public organizations to interact directly with large audiences and offer live updates on services. Twitter should be ideally suited to address the information problem and thus to mitigate the performance-satisfaction gap. Yet, studies to the potential benefits and effects of social media within a public sector context are lacking. This project therefore asks whether and how public communication by public service providers via Twitter reduces the performance satisfaction gap. Using a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest setup with advanced time series modelling, this project will bring new insights on what influences satisfaction of public services, the effect of public communication through social media as well as methodological innovation in the use of social media sources for Public Administration research.

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  • jan.wynen@uantwerpen.be
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